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Le segnalazioni di incidenti causati da utilizzo improprio di droni in modo involontario o volontario stanno aumentando rapidamente: i siti oggetto di potenziale attacco o di semplice ricognizione sono di varie tipologie, dalle infrastrutture critiche come le centrali nucleari, gli aeroporti, le case circondariali, sino ai siti ad alta frequentazione come gli stadi.

 

Gli attacchi potenzialmente effettuabili con i droni sono molto variegati, fra i più noti citiamo:

  • riprese di siti governativi o commerciali – ricognizioni su siti sensibili per pianificare un attacco successivo o per acquisire dettagli riguardo brevetti industriali o proprietà intellettuale di siti commerciali;
  • trasporto e contrabbando di prodotti illeciti – un caso tipico è quello dell’utilizzo dei droni per trasportare armi, droga, cellulari all’interno di zone protette come le case circondariali;
  • attacco armato – il drone viene equipaggiato con sostanze esplosive, chimiche o biologiche in grado di arrecare un danno con il semplice spargimento o attraverso la collisione con un target prefissato;
  • disturbo o blocco di attività critiche – ad esempio l’invio di droni in zone aeroportuali che possono causare, nei casi più seri, anche il blocco delle attività aeroportuali.

Tipologie di drone

Il raggio di azione e la tipologia di attacco effettuabili varia a seconda del modello di drone utilizzato. Di seguito i più comuni:

  • multi-rotore – droni con 4,6,8 eliche, con capacità di decollo/atterraggio verticale e volo stazionario in posizione definita, alimentati a batteria con durata di volo limitata in genere intorno ai 30 minuti ed un raggio di azione da poche centinaia di metri fino a qualche km;
  • singolo rotore – elicotteri con capacità di decollo/atterraggio verticale, consumano meno energia rispetto ai precedenti, hanno una maggiore capacità di carico e raggi di azione più estesi (da poche centinaia di metri fino diversi km). Disponibili sia con alimentazione a batteria che con motore a scoppio;
  • ala fissa – droni simili a piccoli aeroplani che non sono in grado di effettuare decollo/atterraggio verticale, ma
    hanno un raggio di azione molto esteso che può arrivare fino a 30km. Con diverse ore di autonomia, sono disponibili sia, con alimentazione a batteria che con motore a scoppio.
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